![]() ![]() A caliph is a Muslim political and religious leader, regarded as the successor of the Prophet Muhammed. In June of 2014, the Islamic State officially established itself as a worldwide caliphate with Raqqa, Syria as its capital and declared Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi the caliph. In the wake of the 2003 US invasion, ISIS was primarily operating in Iraq, and then reemerged in fuller force and expanded into Syria following the Syrian revolution of 2011. The foundation of the group can be traced back to 1999 under the name of Jama’at al-Tawhid wa-al-Jihad (Organization of Monotheism and Jihad), which transformed into al Qaeda in Iraq in 2004, under the leadership of Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. The evolvement of their name sheds light on the different stages of the organization’s development. ![]() I want to talk about everything - the murder of my brothers, the disappearance of my mother, the brainwashing of the boys - not the just rape.” - Nadia Murad, Yazidi genocide survivor Rise and Fall of the Islamic Stateĭaesh/Islamic State (IS) goes by multiple names, including Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), or by their Arabic acronym, Daesh. “Sometimes it can feel like all that anyone is interested in when it comes to the genocide is the sexual abuse of Yazidi girls, and they want a story of a fight. ![]()
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